The CA Foundation course has four papers. You must pass all four to succeed. Each paper has different topics. Below are the topics for each paper. Students need to learn these topics well to pass the exam.
CA Foundation Exam Pattern
The CA Foundation exam has four papers: Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3, and Paper 4. Each paper is split into different sections. Here is the exam pattern:
Paper 1: Principles and Practice of Accounting
- 100 marks
- 3 hours
- 100 marks
- 3 hours
- Section A: Business Laws – 60 marks
- Section B: Business Correspondence and Reporting – 40 marks
- 100 marks
- 2 hours
- Part A: Business Mathematics – 40 marks
- Part B: Logical Reasoning – 20 marks
- Part C: Statistics – 40 marks
- 100 marks
- 2 hours
- Part I: Business Economics – 60 marks
- Part II: Business and Commercial Knowledge – 40 marks
CA Foundation Exam Pattern Details
The CA Foundation exam for 2024 includes four papers.- Paper 1 and Paper 2 are written exams.
- Paper 3 and Paper 4 are multiple-choice exams.
CA Foundation Passing Criteria
To pass the CA Foundation exam in 2024:- You must score at least 40% in each paper.
- You need an overall average of 55% across all four papers.
CA Foundation Syllabus 2024 Paper-Wise
Paper-1: Accounting
Paper 1 is designed to help you understand basic accounting concepts and principles. It aims to teach you how to create financial statements and solve basic accounting problems effectively.
| Topics | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Theoretical Framework |
|
| Accounting Process |
|
| Bank Reconciliation Statement |
|
| Inventories |
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| Depreciation |
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| Special Transactions |
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| Sole Proprietors |
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| Partnership Accounts |
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| Not-for-Profit Organizations |
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| Company Accounts |
|
Paper-2: Business Laws
Paper 2 of the CA Foundation exam in 2024 focuses on Business Laws. The goal is to help students understand key aspects of business laws and handle practical issues related to these laws.
CA Foundation Syllabus 2024: Business Laws
| Topics | Laws Covered | Key Points |
|---|---|---|
| The Indian Contract Act, 1872 | General Nature of the Contract | Overview of contract basics |
| Consideration | Understanding what makes a contract valid | |
| Other Essential Elements | Elements necessary for a contract to be legally binding | |
| Performance of a Contract | How contracts are fulfilled and obligations met | |
| Breach of Contract | What happens when one party fails to uphold their end of the contract | |
| Contingent and Quasi Contract | Special types of contracts with unique characteristics | |
| The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 | Formation of the Contract of Sale | How contracts for the sale of goods are created |
| Conditions and Warranties | Types of assurances and guarantees in sale contracts | |
| Transfer of Ownership and Delivery | The process of transferring ownership and delivering goods in a sale | |
| Unpaid Seller and His Rights | Rights and remedies available to sellers in case of non-payment by the buyer | |
| The Indian Partnership Act, 1932 | General Nature of Partnership | Basics of forming and operating a partnership business |
| Rights and Duties of Partners | Responsibilities and entitlements of partners in a partnership | |
| Reconstitution of Firms | Changes that can occur within a partnership, such as admission or retirement of partners | |
| Registration and Dissolution | The process of registering and dissolving a partnership firm | |
| The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 | Introduction (Nature and Scope) | Understanding the concept and scope of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) |
| Essential Features | Key characteristics that distinguish LLPs from other business structures | |
| Characteristics of LLP | Specific traits and advantages of LLPs | |
| Incorporation and Differences | How to establish an LLP and how it differs from other types of organizations | |
| The Companies Act, 2013 | Essential Features of a Company | Fundamental aspects of a company, such as legal personality |
| Corporate Veil Theory | The concept of separating a company’s legal identity from its members | |
| Classes of Companies | Different categories of companies based on size and ownership | |
| Types of Share Capital | Variations in a company’s share capital structures | |
| Incorporation of a Company | Process of registering and creating a company | |
| Memorandum of Association | Document outlining the company’s constitution and powers | |
| Articles of Association | Regulations governing a company’s internal affairs | |
| Doctrine of Indoor Management | The principle that protects outsiders dealing with a company based on internal authority |
Paper-3: Quantitative Aptitude
This section helps you understand basic math and statistics and their use in Business, Finance, and Economics. It also improves your logical reasoning skills to solve simple problems.
Part A: Business Mathematics
| Topics | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Ratio and Proportion, Indices and Logarithms | Ratio and Proportion (Business Applications) |
| Laws of Indices, Exponents and Logarithms and Anti-Logarithms | |
| Equations | Simultaneous linear equations up to three variables |
| Quadratic and Cubic equations in one variable | |
| Linear Inequalities with Objective Functions and Optimization w.r.t. objective function | |
| Time Value of Money | Simple Interest |
| Compound Interest | |
| Depreciation | |
| Effective Rate of Interest | |
| Present Value | |
| Net Present Value | |
| Future Value | |
| Perpetuity | |
| Annuities | |
| Sinking Funds | |
| Valuation of Bonds | |
| Calculation of EMI | |
| Calculation of Returns: Nominal Rate of Return, Effective Rate of Return, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) | |
| Permutations and Combinations | Basic concepts: Introduction, Factorial, Permutations, Circular Permutations, Permutations with restrictions, Combinations with standard results |
| Sequence and Series | Sequences, Series |
| Arithmetic and Geometric progression | |
| Relationship between AM and GM | |
| Sum of n terms of special series | |
| Sets, Relations and Functions | Basic applications of Differential and Integral calculus |
| Applications of Marginal Cost and Marginal Revenue |
Part B: Logical Reasoning (20 Marks)
| Topics | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Number Series | Patterns in series of numbers |
| Coding and Decoding | Converting information from one form to another |
| Odd Man Out | Identifying the item that does not belong |
| Direction Tests | Understanding directions and positions |
| Seating Arrangements | Arranging people or items in a specific order |
| Blood Relations | Understanding family relationships |
Part C: Statistics (40 Marks)
| Topics | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Statistical Description of Data | Diagrammatic representation of data |
| Frequency distribution | |
| Graphical representation of Frequency Distribution: Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Ogive, Pie-chart | |
| Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion | Mean, Median, Mode |
| Mean Deviation, Quartiles and Quartile Deviation | |
| Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation, Coefficient of Quartile Deviation | |
| Probability | Independent and dependent events |
| Mutually exclusive events | |
| Total and Compound Probability and Mathematical Expectation | |
| Theoretical Distributions | Binomial Distribution |
| Poisson Distribution: Basic applications | |
| Normal Distribution: Basic applications | |
| Correlation and Regression | - Scatter diagram |
| Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, Rank Correlation | |
| Probable Error and Probable limits | |
| Regression lines, Regression equations, Regression coefficients | |
| Index Numbers | Uses of Index Numbers |
| Problems in the construction of Index Numbers | |
| Methods of constructing Index Numbers |
Paper-4: Business Economics
In Paper 4 of the CA Foundation exam, we study Business Economics. The main goal is to understand key concepts and theories in Business Economics and learn how to use them to solve everyday problems.
CA Foundation Syllabus 2024: Business Economics
| Topics | Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Introduction to Business Economics |
|
| Theory of Demand and Supply |
|
| Theory of Production and Cost |
|
| Price Determination in Different Markets |
|
| Business Cycles |
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